by soapbox | Feb 24, 2005
This paper addresses the suitability of cash and vouchers as forms of international humanitarian relief in cases of emergency such as natural disasters or war. It examines cash programs in Ethiopia, Goma, India, Kenya, Mexico, Somalia, and Uganda. The author analyzes the impact and cost effectiveness of such a program and concludes that cash and voucher-based responses are effective and should be considered as alternatives to agricultural inputs, shelter and non-food items, as well as an alternative to food aid.
by Marianne Klinker | Jan 29, 2018
[vc_section][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column][vc_row_inner equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column_inner width=”1/3″][vc_column_text el_class=”country-summary-score”]
Transparency
8
out of 100
Read More
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Public Participation
2
out of 100
Read More
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Budget Oversight
22
out of 100
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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]IBP considers countries that score above 60 on the Open Budget Index as providing sufficient budget information to enable the public to engage in budget discussions in an informed manner. IBP considers countries scoring above 60 on participation and oversight as providing adequate opportunities for the public to participate in the budget process and providing adequate oversight practices, respectively.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=”white” border_width=”10″][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section el_id=”transparency”][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column][vc_column_text]
Transparency (Open Budget Index)
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8
out of 100
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”5/6″][vc_column_text]Somalia provides the public with scant budget information.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1/2″][rrj_bar_chart title=”How Does Somalia’s Open Budget Index Score Compare?” labels=”Somalia 2017; 2017 Average” datasets=”%5B%7B%22title%22%3A%22Score%20(out%20of%20100)%22%2C%22tooltips_format%22%3A%22%7By%7D%22%2C%22values%22%3A%228%3B42%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22%23a1a14e%22%2C%22bar_bg%22%3A%22plain%22%7D%5D” cat_per=”50″ legend=”” tooltip_mode=”nearest” title_align=”left” title_tag=”h5″ axes_color=”#333333″ axis_zero=”yes” jsoptions=”e3NjYWxlczogewogICAgICAgIHlBeGVzOiBbewogICAgICAgICAgICB0aWNrczogewogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgbWF4OiAxMDAsIAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgbWluOiAwLAogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgc3RlcFNpemU6IDEwLAogICAgICAgICAgICB9CiAgICAgICAgfV0KICAgIH0KfQo=” jsdata=”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” css=”.vc_custom_1520347811550{margin-bottom: 20px !important;}”][vc_column_text]
In the Open Budget Survey 2017, this country is being assessed for the first time.
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Recommendations for Improving Transparency
Somalia should prioritize the following actions to improve budget transparency:
- Publish the Executive’s Budget Proposal online.
- Publish a Pre-Budget Statement online.
- Publish In-Year Reports online in a timely manner.
- Produce and publish an Audit Report.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=”white” border_width=”10″][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section el_id=”participation”][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”middle”][vc_column][vc_column_text]
Public Participation
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/6″][vc_column_text el_class=”country-summary-score”]
2
out of 100
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”5/6″][vc_column_text]Somalia provides few opportunities for the public to engage in the budget process.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/2″ el_class=”country-summary”][vc_progress_bar values=”%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22Global%20Average%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2212%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%23d2d2d2%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Uganda%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2228%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Kenya%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2215%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Tanzania%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2215%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Rwanda%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2213%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Madagascar%22%2C%22value%22%3A%229%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22South%20Sudan%22%2C%22value%22%3A%222%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Somalia%22%2C%22value%22%3A%222%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%23ff7a22%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Burundi%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Comoros%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%230087d1%22%7D%5D” bgcolor=”custom” title=”How Does Public Participation Compare to Other Countries in the Region?” units=”/100″ el_class=”country-summary” custombgcolor=”#ffffff” customtxtcolor=”#333333″][/vc_column][vc_column width=”1/2″][vc_column_text]
Recommendations for Improving Participation
Somalia should prioritize the following actions to improve public participation in its budget process:
- Pilot mechanisms for members of the public and executive branch officials to exchange views on national budget matters during both the formulation of the national budget and the monitoring of its implementation. These mechanisms could build on innovations, such as participatory budgeting and social audits. For examples of such mechanisms, see fiscaltransparency.net/mechanisms.
- Hold legislative hearings on the formulation of the annual budget, during which members of the public or civil society organizations can testify.
- Establish formal mechanisms for the public to assist the supreme audit institution in formulating its audit program and to participate in relevant audit investigations.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_separator color=”white” border_width=”10″][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section][vc_section el_id=”oversight”][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column][vc_column_text]
Budget Oversight (by Legislature & Audit)
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column width=”1/6″][vc_column_text el_class=”country-summary-score”]
22
out of 100
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=”5/6″][vc_column_text]The legislature and supreme audit institution in Somalia provide weak oversight of the budget.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_progress_bar values=”%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22Formulation%2FApproval%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2214%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%23d2d2d2%22%7D%2C%7B%22label%22%3A%22Execution%2FAudit%22%2C%22value%22%3A%220%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%23d2d2d2%22%7D%5D” bgcolor=”custom” title=”To What Extent Does the Legislature Provide Budget Oversight?” units=”/100″ el_class=”country-summary” custombgcolor=”#ffffff” customtxtcolor=”#333333″][vc_column_text]The legislature provides weak oversight during the budget cycle. This score reflects that the legislature provides weak oversight during the planning stage of the budget cycle and no oversight during the implementation stage of the budget cycle.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row equal_height=”yes” content_placement=”top”][vc_column][vc_progress_bar values=”%5B%7B%22label%22%3A%22Limited%22%2C%22value%22%3A%2250%22%2C%22color%22%3A%22custom%22%2C%22customcolor%22%3A%22%23d2d2d2%22%7D%5D” bgcolor=”custom” title=”To What Extent Does the Supreme Audit Institution Provide Budget Oversight?” units=”/100″ el_class=”country-summary” custombgcolor=”#ffffff” customtxtcolor=”#333333″][vc_column_text]
The supreme audit institution provides limited budget oversight.
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Recommendations for Improving Oversight
Somalia should prioritize the following actions to make budget oversight more effective:
- Ensure the legislature holds a debate on budget policy prior to the tabling of the Executive’s Budget Proposal and approves recommendations for the upcoming budget.
- Ensure a legislative committee examines and publishes reports on in-year budget implementation online.
- Ensure the supreme audit institution has adequate funding to perform its duties, as determined by an independent body (e.g., the legislature or judiciary).
- Consider setting up an independent fiscal institution.
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Learn More
The information on this page presents a partial country summary. For more detailed information, please download:
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by [email protected] | May 30, 2022
The Open Budget Survey (OBS) is an assessment of fiscal transparency, public participation and formal oversight in the budget process across a range of countries, conducted every two years.
This brief focuses on the OBS performance of a number of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The region has achieved notable gains in budget transparency over the past decade despite a dip in scores in 2017. Between 2008 and 2021, the regional average transparency score improved by 16 points among the countries with available data, from 23 to 39. This amounts to a nearly 70% increase, making it one of the better performing regions in the OBS. Download the report.
